KS3 Science · Biology
Skeleton and muscles
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Key words
Skeleton All the bones of the body, joined together
Skull The bones of the head, which protect the brain
Ribs The bones that protect the heart and lungs
Spine The backbone, a column of small bones
Pelvis The hip bones, which join the legs to the spine
Femur The thigh bone, the longest bone in the body
Bone marrow Tissue inside some bones where new blood cells are made
Joint A place where bones meet
Hinge joint A joint that bends and straightens, like the elbow
Ball and socket joint A joint that moves in almost every direction, like the hip
Cartilage Smooth tissue on the ends of bones that reduces friction
Ligament Joins bone to bone at a joint
Tendon Joins a muscle to a bone
Contract When a muscle gets shorter and fatter, and pulls
Relax When a muscle stops pulling
Antagonistic pair Two muscles that pull a bone in opposite directions
Biceps The muscle that bends the arm
Triceps The muscle that straightens the arm